IntroductionBenzoyl peroxide (BPO, CAS 94-36-0) is a widely used organic compound with strong o
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Benzoyl peroxide (BPO, CAS 94-36-0) is a widely used organic compound with strong oxidizing properties. Primarily known for its role in acne treatment, it also serves as a bleaching agent, polymerization initiator, and industrial disinfectant. This article presents key data in tabular form for quick reference.
| Property | Specificazione |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | C₁₄H₁₀O₄ |
| Molecular Weight | 242.23 g/mol |
| Aspetto | White crystalline powder or granules |
| Odore | Faint, pungent |
| Punto di fusione | 103–105°C (decomposes) |
| Solubilità | Insoluble in water; soluble in acetone, chloroform |
| Stabilità | Heat- and shock-sensitive (store at ≤25°C) |
| Active Oxygen Content | ~5.9% (for 99% purity) |
Key Characteristics:
✔ Strong oxidizer – Releases free radicals upon decomposition
✔ Concentration-dependent effects – 2.5% to 10% in medical use
| Industry | Primary Use | Typical Concentration |
|---|---|---|
| Pharmaceuticals | Topical acne treatment (gels, creams) | 2.5%–10% |
| Cosmetics | Teeth whitening, hair bleaching | 3%–6% |
| Plastics & Rubber | Polymerization initiator (PVC, polyester) | 0.1%–2% |
| Food Industry | Flour bleaching (banned in some regions) | 15–50 ppm |
| Textiles | Fabric bleaching and stain removal | 1%–5% aqueous solution |
| Parameter | Guideline |
|---|---|
| Storage | Cool (≤25°C), dry, away from metals & amines |
| Personal Protection | Nitrile gloves, goggles, and lab coat |
| Pericolo di incendio | May ignite at 80°C; use water spray (not foam) |
| First Aid (Skin Contact) | Wash with soap/water; avoid alcohol-based cleansers |
| Environmental Impact | Toxic to aquatic life (avoid direct release) |
Regulatory Status:
FDA (US): Approved for OTC acne products (≤10%)
EU: Restricted in cosmetics (R36/38 irritant label)
OSHA PEL: 5 mg/m³ (8-hour TWA)
| Property | Benzoyl Peroxide | Hydrogen Peroxide | Salicylic Acid |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary Use | Acne, polymerization | Disinfection, bleaching | Acne, exfoliation |
| Mechanism | Free radical oxidation | Oxidizing agent | Keratolytic |
| Skin Irritation | Moderate to high | High | Low to moderate |
| Stabilità | Heat-sensitive | Unstable (decomposes) | Stable |
Benzoyl peroxide is a multifunctional oxidizer with critical roles in dermatology and industrial processes. While effective, its reactive nature demands careful handling. Future trends include microencapsulated formulations to reduce skin irritation in medical applications.
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