IntroductionThe following table summarizes the main types of textile detergent additives, their
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The following table summarizes the main types of textile detergent additives, their functions, and common chemical compositions:
| Additive Type | Primary Function | Common Chemical Composition | Application Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Surfactants | Reduce surface tension, enhance wetting & stain removal | Anionic (LAS, SLES), Nonionic (AE, APG), Cationic (Quats) | Key for oil & grease removal; foam control needed |
| Builders | Soften water, prevent redeposition | Zeolites, Sodium Carbonate, STPP (banned in some regions) | Improves surfactant efficiency in hard water |
| Enzymes | Break down protein/starch-based stains | Proteases, Amylases, Lipases, Cellulases | Low-temperature effectiveness; pH-sensitive |
| Bleaching Agents | Oxidize and remove colored stains | Sodium Percarbonate, TAED (activator for low temp) | Activated at 60°C+; hydrogen peroxide release |
| Anti-redeposition Agents | Prevent soil from reattaching to fabric | Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC), PVPs | Critical for washing dark/colored fabrics |
| Optical Brighteners | Absorb UV light & emit blue fluorescence | Stilbene derivatives (e.g., DAS1. CBS-X) | Mask yellowing; ineffective on natural fibers |
| Fragrances | Provide pleasant odor | Microencapsulated esters, aldehydes, or terpenes | Slow-release technology for longevity |
| Corrosion Inhibitors | Protect washing machine components | Sodium Silicate, Benzotriazole | Especially important in powder detergents |
Eco-friendly shifts: Replacement of phosphates (STPP) with zeolites/citrates; biodegradable surfactants (APG).
Cold-wash focus: Enzyme optimization and bleach activators (TAED) for energy savings.
Microplastic concerns: Phasing out polyethylene-based anti-redeposition agents.
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